Affected shrimps are restless and their locomotion and respiratory functions are hampered. In heavily infected juvenile and adult shrimps, one can observe fuzzy mat-like appearance due to ciliate fouling.  

CAUSE  

The protozoans such as Vorticella, Zoothamnium, Epistylis, Acineta and Ephelota.  

DIAGNOSIS  

Based on gross signs and symptoms and microscopic demonstration of ciliates.  

PREVENTION  

Maintain good water quality. Reduce organic load and silt in water exchange with good quality water.  

CONTROL  

15 to 20 ppm formalin (single treatment) for ponds or dip treatment of affected individuals in 50-100 ppm formalin for 30 min. Maintain good aeration during treatment.